Originally posted by Ginger Tea
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However, in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation did make the war about slavery, as it emancipated all slaves in rebelling territories, which meant that as they were retaken, slaves there would be freed. However, this also didn't affect the border states as, again, Maryland would likely have seceded had that happened. In 1864, after 3 of the border states had abolished slavery (including Maryland), then the war truly became about ending slavery, as only 2 Union states remained where slavery was still legal, which was swiftly ended after the 13th Amendment was ratified (ratification of which was required for formal readmittance of rebelling states to full statehood in the Union).
In fact, thanks to the Emancipation Proclamation, by the time the 13th Amendment was ratified, it only freed 66,818 slaves (65,000 in Kentucky, 1,800 in Delaware, and 18 in New Jersey), and served the primary purpose of forever barring slavery instead of emancipating slaves (though it did so by the barring).
tl;dr version: The reason slavery being abolished was not an initial reason for the Civil War was that if it had been, tactically important states would have seceded as well (especially Kentucky and Maryland), and occasionally, doing the right thing has to be kept on the back-burner in order for it to be done.
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